Saturday, August 9, 2014

Framework for Investment for Solar PV in Vermont

Any investment decisions are affected by two major factors- certainty in the recovery of their investment and the size of return for their investment. Investment in renewable greatly depends on the government policy, technology and resource availability. The State of Vermont offers some of the most favorable places for renewable energy investment.

Advantages of Investment in Vermont

Strong State commitment towards renewable energy: Vermont is among the progressive States  that is leading clean energy development. Vermont has a set a goal to achieve 90% of its energy by renwables by 2050. In 2005 Vermont instituted its voluntary RPS program (SPEED program) with the goal to generate 20% of its electric consumption through renewables by 2017.[1] In order to achieve this goal the State requires the state utilities to purchase electricity from qualified SPEED resources through long term contracts with fixed standard rates. The rates and contract length differ by technology and size but is intended to offer reasonable return on investment for the renewable energy developers.[2] The State also offers a net-metering for facilities upto 500kW in capacity. Small projects less than 15kW qualify for “fast-track” permitting process where the utility has to approve the project within 10 days. The net-metered customers in the state are offered a Solar-Adder where the utilities are required to by the electricity at 20c/KWh. This generous feed in traiff program has spurred growth in small solar PV installations in the State. Because of the increased popularity of this program the PSB increased the initial cap of 4% of peak demand to 15% of the utility’s peak demand. The law also allows for group net-metering arrangement where the group of customers can sign up for electricity from a large renewable energy facility.

Support from the Utility:  In addition favorable state policies, Vermont also has electric utilities that are favorable to renewable energy. Green Mountain Power- which serves 75% of the customers in Vermont was recently awarded the “Utility of the Year” for 2013 for its incentive to incorporate solar.[3] Several other cooperatives that serve in the region also have programs that have instituted favorable programs for solar PVs.

As an investor these factors provides a reasonable certainty for the investor and decreases the regulatory and policy uncertainty for the investor. The favorable regulation for renewable energy is likely to continue in Vermont which is attractive to making any investment in the State.

Technology and Timing for investment: Solar PV is the most cost effective technology that can be invested in Vermont. The net-metering for solar adder of 20c/KWh, ITC of 30% of the tax rebate and the decreasing cost of solar PV makes it a lucrative investment. The recent increased cap of 15% of the utility peak for renewables provides plenty of market opportunity for a new investor. New investments in Solar PV could be carried out through 3 types- i) by submitting could an RFP to the PSB to quality as a SPEED resource, ii) invest in companies that provide small capacity net-metering to the residential customers, and/or iii) act as an aggregator to sign up group net-metering. In all three of these decision, the investor is guaranteed stream of reasonable return on their investment.
The timing is perfect for the investment in Solar PV. As discussed in the market section, the cost of solar worldwide has fallen dramatically. The Federal ITC of 30% is set to expire on 2016 similarly the solar adder in Vermont is also set to expire in 2016. This allows for the investor period of 2 years to complete its solar PV project inorder to get the solar subsidy.

Barriers for Investment:  Before investing in Solar PV in Vermont, the investor needs to be concerned about some of the barriers for investment.
Saturated Market: Since Solar PV is a lucrative market in Vermont, there are already plenty of competitors in market. There are currently more than 45 solar companies in Vermont making it the higher per capita in solar jobs in the US. The investor needs to find a niche market or invest in its own generation facility inorder to make a successful investment.
Timing: As mentioned above the time is against the investor. The generous state and federal subsidies are set to expire at the end of 2016 leaving only 2 years for the investor to gain benefit from the subsidies.
Land use and Interconnection requirements: Interconnection for larger solar PV facility needs to be connected to a three-phase line. In Vermont there are limited properties that are close to the three phase line where the solar farm can be put in. There has also been a rising concern in Vermont about the land use concerns by large solar farms. One of the major challenges for the investor would be find appropriate land to site their facility.

The regulatory policies, cost of solar and State’s strong commitment towards renewable electricity makes Vermont an idea place for investment for renewable energy.




[1] http://www.dsireusa.org/incentives/incentive.cfm?Incentive_Code=VT04R
[2] Id.
[3] http://news.greenmountainpower.com/press-releases/green-mountain-power-named-utility-of-the-year-1061519?feed=d51ec270-a483-4f6c-a55e-8e5fbe2238c2

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